About the Animations

The Normal Heart, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertension, and Heart Failure in Hypertension - NEW!

This animation sequence details the role of excitation contraction coupling in normal cardiac function and how it changes as the heart muscle first thickens and fails in response to stressors like hypertension. The three-part animation is presented in its entirety or each part may be viewed and downloaded individually. Transcripts (PDF) of each sequence are also available for downloading.